Команда Python venv не работает на MacOS с помощью Homebrew ⇐ Python

[Anonymous]

Я с удовольствием использую Python с venv, по крайней мере, последний год. Теперь это больше не работает:
python -m venv .

возвращает ошибку:
Error: Command '['/Users/sejaques/bin/python3.13', '-m', 'ensurepip', '--upgrade', '--default-pip']' returned non-zero exit status 1.

В частности, использование python3 дает ту же ошибку, только с последней версией Python:
python3 -m venv .

Error: Command '['/Users/sejaques/bin/python3.14', '-m', 'ensurepip', '--upgrade', '--default-pip']' returned non-zero exit status 1.

Другие вопросы по этой проблеме в Ubuntu предлагают обновить сам venv, но я не знаю, как это сделать с помощью Homebrew.
Я подумал, что это может быть проблема несоответствия системы и Homebrew: Brew думает, что у меня есть Python3.14, но Python -V возвращает 3.13. Но python3 -V возвращает 3.14, и, как отмечалось выше, это также не удается. В ответе здесь отмечаются некоторые методы обеспечения согласованности версий и (по иронии судьбы) рекомендуется использовать виртуальные среды.
Другие вопросы предполагают, что это означает, что venv вообще не установлен. Я не уверен, как это исправить, если это так, поскольку я могу устанавливать пакеты только в виртуальных средах или с помощью Homebrew и не могу найти venv через Homebrew.
Редактировать: по совету комментариев, которые я пробовал:
python3 -m ensurepip --upgrade --default-pip
(python3.13 выдает сообщение «команда не найдена»)
, которое выдает следующую ошибку:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "", line 6, in
runpy.run_module("pip", run_name="__main__", alter_sys=True)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "", line 226, in run_module
File "", line 98, in _run_module_code
File "", line 88, in _run_code
File "/var/folders/z_/kzmnhw1x16d969_fjx6lkpfc0000gp/T/tmpn6om1qds/pip-25.3-py3-none-any.whl/pip/__main__.py", line 24, in
sys.exit(_main())
~~~~~^^
File "/var/folders/z_/kzmnhw1x16d969_fjx6lkpfc0000gp/T/tmpn6om1qds/pip-25.3-py3-none-any.whl/pip/_internal/cli/main.py", line 78, in main
command = create_command(cmd_name, isolated=("--isolated" in cmd_args))
File "/var/folders/z_/kzmnhw1x16d969_fjx6lkpfc0000gp/T/tmpn6om1qds/pip-25.3-py3-none-any.whl/pip/_internal/commands/__init__.py", line 121, in create_command
module = importlib.import_module(module_path)
File "/opt/homebrew/Cellar/python@3.14/3.14.0_1/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.14/lib/python3.14/importlib/__init__.py", line 88, in import_module
return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "", line 1398, in _gcd_import
File "", line 1371, in _find_and_load
File "", line 1342, in _find_and_load_unlocked
File "", line 938, in _load_unlocked
File "", line 762, in exec_module
File "", line 491, in _call_with_frames_removed
File "/var/folders/z_/kzmnhw1x16d969_fjx6lkpfc0000gp/T/tmpn6om1qds/pip-25.3-py3-none-any.whl/pip/_internal/commands/install.py", line 22, in
import pip._internal.self_outdated_check # noqa: F401
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/var/folders/z_/kzmnhw1x16d969_fjx6lkpfc0000gp/T/tmpn6om1qds/pip-25.3-py3-none-any.whl/pip/_internal/self_outdated_check.py", line 21, in
from pip._internal.index.package_finder import PackageFinder
File "/var/folders/z_/kzmnhw1x16d969_fjx6lkpfc0000gp/T/tmpn6om1qds/pip-25.3-py3-none-any.whl/pip/_internal/index/package_finder.py", line 38, in
from pip._internal.req import InstallRequirement
File "/var/folders/z_/kzmnhw1x16d969_fjx6lkpfc0000gp/T/tmpn6om1qds/pip-25.3-py3-none-any.whl/pip/_internal/req/__init__.py", line 8, in
from pip._internal.cli.progress_bars import BarType, get_install_progress_renderer
File "/var/folders/z_/kzmnhw1x16d969_fjx6lkpfc0000gp/T/tmpn6om1qds/pip-25.3-py3-none-any.whl/pip/_internal/cli/progress_bars.py", line 23, in
from pip._internal.req.req_install import InstallRequirement
File "/var/folders/z_/kzmnhw1x16d969_fjx6lkpfc0000gp/T/tmpn6om1qds/pip-25.3-py3-none-any.whl/pip/_internal/req/req_install.py", line 37, in
from pip._internal.operations.install.wheel import install_wheel
File "/var/folders/z_/kzmnhw1x16d969_fjx6lkpfc0000gp/T/tmpn6om1qds/pip-25.3-py3-none-any.whl/pip/_internal/operations/install/wheel.py", line 33, in
from pip._vendor.distlib.scripts import ScriptMaker
File "/var/folders/z_/kzmnhw1x16d969_fjx6lkpfc0000gp/T/tmpn6om1qds/pip-25.3-py3-none-any.whl/pip/_vendor/distlib/scripts.py", line 16, in
from .compat import sysconfig, detect_encoding, ZipFile
File "/var/folders/z_/kzmnhw1x16d969_fjx6lkpfc0000gp/T/tmpn6om1qds/pip-25.3-py3-none-any.whl/pip/_vendor/distlib/compat.py", line 81, in
import xmlrpc.client as xmlrpclib
File "/opt/homebrew/Cellar/python@3.14/3.14.0_1/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.14/lib/python3.14/xmlrpc/client.py", line 138, in
from xml.parsers import expat
File "/opt/homebrew/Cellar/python@3.14/3.14.0_1/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.14/lib/python3.14/xml/parsers/expat.py", line 4, in
from pyexpat import *
ImportError: dlopen(/opt/homebrew/Cellar/python@3.14/3.14.0_1/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.14/lib/python3.14/lib-dynload/pyexpat.cpython-314-darwin.so, 0x0002): Library not loaded: /opt/homebrew/opt/expat/lib/libexpat.1.dylib
Referenced from: /opt/homebrew/Cellar/python@3.14/3.14.0_1/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.14/lib/python3.14/lib-dynload/pyexpat.cpython-314-darwin.so
Reason: tried: '/opt/homebrew/opt/expat/lib/libexpat.1.dylib' (no such file), '/System/Volumes/Preboot/Cryptexes/OS/opt/homebrew/opt/expat/lib/libexpat.1.dylib' (no such file), '/opt/homebrew/opt/expat/lib/libexpat.1.dylib' (no such file)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "", line 198, in _run_module_as_main
File "", line 88, in _run_code
File "/opt/homebrew/Cellar/python@3.14/3.14.0_1/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.14/lib/python3.14/ensurepip/__main__.py", line 5, in
sys.exit(ensurepip._main())
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^
File "/opt/homebrew/Cellar/python@3.14/3.14.0_1/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.14/lib/python3.14/ensurepip/__init__.py", line 257, in _main
return _bootstrap(
root=args.root,
......
default_pip=args.default_pip,
)
File "/opt/homebrew/Cellar/python@3.14/3.14.0_1/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.14/lib/python3.14/ensurepip/__init__.py", line 172, in _bootstrap
return _run_pip([*args, "pip"], [os.fsdecode(tmp_wheel_path)])
File "/opt/homebrew/Cellar/python@3.14/3.14.0_1/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.14/lib/python3.14/ensurepip/__init__.py", line 87, in _run_pip
return subprocess.run(cmd, check=True).returncode
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/opt/homebrew/Cellar/python@3.14/3.14.0_1/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.14/lib/python3.14/subprocess.py", line 577, in run
raise CalledProcessError(retcode, process.args,
output=stdout, stderr=stderr)
subprocess.CalledProcessError: Command '['/opt/homebrew/opt/python@3.14/bin/python3.14', '-W', 'ignore::DeprecationWarning', '-c', '\nimport runpy\nimport sys\nsys.path = [\'/var/folders/z_/kzmnhw1x16d969_fjx6lkpfc0000gp/T/tmpn6om1qds/ pip-25.3-py3-none-any.whl\'] + sys.path\nsys.argv[1:] = [\'install\', \'--no-cache-dir\', \'--no-index\', \'--find-links\', \'/var/folders/z_/kzmnhw1x16d969_fjx6lkpfc0000gp/T/tmpn6om1qds\', \'--upgrade\', \'pip\']\nrunpy.run_module("pip", run_name="__main__", alter_sys=True)\n']' returned non-zero exit status 1.
sejaques@CO001538-flink ~ % python -m ensurepip --upgrade --default-pip
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "", line 6, in
runpy.run_module("pip", run_name="__main__", alter_sys=True)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "", line 226, in run_module
File "", line 98, in _run_module_code
File "", line 88, in _run_code
File "/var/folders/z_/kzmnhw1x16d969_fjx6lkpfc0000gp/T/tmp65g_xv6x/pip-25.2-py3-none-any.whl/pip/__main__.py", line 24, in
sys.exit(_main())
~~~~~^^
File "/var/folders/z_/kzmnhw1x16d969_fjx6lkpfc0000gp/T/tmp65g_xv6x/pip-25.2-py3-none-any.whl/pip/_internal/cli/main.py", line 78, in main
command = create_command(cmd_name, isolated=("--isolated" in cmd_args))
File "/var/folders/z_/kzmnhw1x16d969_fjx6lkpfc0000gp/T/tmp65g_xv6x/pip-25.2-py3-none-any.whl/pip/_internal/commands/__init__.py", line 121, in create_command
module = importlib.import_module(module_path)
File "/opt/homebrew/Cellar/python@3.13/3.13.7/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.13/lib/python3.13/importlib/__init__.py", line 88, in import_module
return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "", line 1387, in _gcd_import
File "", line 1360, in _find_and_load
File "", line 1331, in _find_and_load_unlocked
File "", line 935, in _load_unlocked
File "", line 1026, in exec_module
File "", line 488, in _call_with_frames_removed
File "/var/folders/z_/kzmnhw1x16d969_fjx6lkpfc0000gp/T/tmp65g_xv6x/pip-25.2-py3-none-any.whl/pip/_internal/commands/install.py", line 22, in
import pip._internal.self_outdated_check # noqa: F401
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/var/folders/z_/kzmnhw1x16d969_fjx6lkpfc0000gp/T/tmp65g_xv6x/pip-25.2-py3-none-any.whl/pip/_internal/self_outdated_check.py", line 21, in
from pip._internal.index.package_finder import PackageFinder
File "/var/folders/z_/kzmnhw1x16d969_fjx6lkpfc0000gp/T/tmp65g_xv6x/pip-25.2-py3-none-any.whl/pip/_internal/index/package_finder.py", line 38, in
from pip._internal.req import InstallRequirement
File "/var/folders/z_/kzmnhw1x16d969_fjx6lkpfc0000gp/T/tmp65g_xv6x/pip-25.2-py3-none-any.whl/pip/_internal/req/__init__.py", line 8, in
from pip._internal.cli.progress_bars import BarType, get_install_progress_renderer
File "/var/folders/z_/kzmnhw1x16d969_fjx6lkpfc0000gp/T/tmp65g_xv6x/pip-25.2-py3-none-any.whl/pip/_internal/cli/progress_bars.py", line 23, in
from pip._internal.req.req_install import InstallRequirement
File "/var/folders/z_/kzmnhw1x16d969_fjx6lkpfc0000gp/T/tmp65g_xv6x/pip-25.2-py3-none-any.whl/pip/_internal/req/req_install.py", line 43, in
from pip._internal.operations.install.wheel import install_wheel
File "/var/folders/z_/kzmnhw1x16d969_fjx6lkpfc0000gp/T/tmp65g_xv6x/pip-25.2-py3-none-any.whl/pip/_internal/operations/install/wheel.py", line 33, in
from pip._vendor.distlib.scripts import ScriptMaker
File "/var/folders/z_/kzmnhw1x16d969_fjx6lkpfc0000gp/T/tmp65g_xv6x/pip-25.2-py3-none-any.whl/pip/_vendor/distlib/scripts.py", line 16, in
from .compat import sysconfig, detect_encoding, ZipFile
File "/var/folders/z_/kzmnhw1x16d969_fjx6lkpfc0000gp/T/tmp65g_xv6x/pip-25.2-py3-none-any.whl/pip/_vendor/distlib/compat.py", line 81, in
import xmlrpc.client as xmlrpclib
File "/opt/homebrew/Cellar/python@3.13/3.13.7/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.13/lib/python3.13/xmlrpc/client.py", line 138, in
from xml.parsers import expat
File "/opt/homebrew/Cellar/python@3.13/3.13.7/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.13/lib/python3.13/xml/parsers/expat.py", line 4, in
from pyexpat import *
ImportError: dlopen(/opt/homebrew/Cellar/python@3.13/3.13.7/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.13/lib/python3.13/lib-dynload/pyexpat.cpython-313-darwin.so, 0x0002): Library not loaded: /opt/homebrew/opt/expat/lib/libexpat.1.dylib
Referenced from: /opt/homebrew/Cellar/python@3.13/3.13.7/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.13/lib/python3.13/lib-dynload/pyexpat.cpython-313-darwin.so
Reason: tried: '/opt/homebrew/opt/expat/lib/libexpat.1.dylib' (no such file), '/System/Volumes/Preboot/Cryptexes/OS/opt/homebrew/opt/expat/lib/libexpat.1.dylib' (no such file), '/opt/homebrew/opt/expat/lib/libexpat.1.dylib' (no such file)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "", line 198, in _run_module_as_main
File "", line 88, in _run_code
File "/opt/homebrew/Cellar/python@3.13/3.13.7/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.13/lib/python3.13/ensurepip/__main__.py", line 5, in
sys.exit(ensurepip._main())
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^
File "/opt/homebrew/Cellar/python@3.13/3.13.7/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.13/lib/python3.13/ensurepip/__init__.py", line 257, in _main
return _bootstrap(
root=args.root,
......
default_pip=args.default_pip,
)
File "/opt/homebrew/Cellar/python@3.13/3.13.7/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.13/lib/python3.13/ensurepip/__init__.py", line 172, in _bootstrap
return _run_pip([*args, "pip"], [os.fsdecode(tmp_wheel_path)])
File "/opt/homebrew/Cellar/python@3.13/3.13.7/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.13/lib/python3.13/ensurepip/__init__.py", line 87, in _run_pip
return subprocess.run(cmd, check=True).returncode
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/opt/homebrew/Cellar/python@3.13/3.13.7/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.13/lib/python3.13/subprocess.py", line 577, in run
raise CalledProcessError(retcode, process.args,
output=stdout, stderr=stderr)
subprocess.CalledProcessError: Command '['/opt/homebrew/opt/python@3.13/bin/python3.13', '-W', 'ignore::DeprecationWarning', '-c', '\nimport runpy\nimport sys\nsys.path = [\'/var/folders/z_/kzmnhw1x16d969_fjx6lkpfc0000gp/T/tmp65g_xv6x/ pip-25.2-py3-none-any.whl\'] + sys.path\nsys.argv[1:] = [\'install\', \'--no-cache-dir\', \'--no-index\', \'--find-links\', \'/var/folders/z_/kzmnhw1x16d969_fjx6lkpfc0000gp/T/tmp65g_xv6x\', \'--upgrade\', \'pip\']\nrunpy.run_module("pip", run_name="__main__", alter_sys=True)\n']' returned non-zero exit status 1

При загрузке и запуске get-pip.py возникает эта ошибка:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Users/sejaques/get-pip.py", line 27368, in
main()
~~~~^^
File "/Users/sejaques/get-pip.py", line 137, in main
bootstrap(tmpdir=tmpdir)
~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/Users/sejaques/get-pip.py", line 113, in bootstrap
monkeypatch_for_cert(tmpdir)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^
File "/Users/sejaques/get-pip.py", line 94, in monkeypatch_for_cert
from pip._internal.commands.install import InstallCommand
File "/var/folders/z_/kzmnhw1x16d969_fjx6lkpfc0000gp/T/tmpzu3osz5t/pip.zip/pip/_internal/commands/install.py", line 22, in
File "/var/folders/z_/kzmnhw1x16d969_fjx6lkpfc0000gp/T/tmpzu3osz5t/pip.zip/pip/_internal/self_outdated_check.py", line 21, in
File "/var/folders/z_/kzmnhw1x16d969_fjx6lkpfc0000gp/T/tmpzu3osz5t/pip.zip/pip/_internal/index/package_finder.py", line 38, in
File "/var/folders/z_/kzmnhw1x16d969_fjx6lkpfc0000gp/T/tmpzu3osz5t/pip.zip/pip/_internal/req/__init__.py", line 8, in
File "/var/folders/z_/kzmnhw1x16d969_fjx6lkpfc0000gp/T/tmpzu3osz5t/pip.zip/pip/_internal/cli/progress_bars.py", line 23, in
File "/var/folders/z_/kzmnhw1x16d969_fjx6lkpfc0000gp/T/tmpzu3osz5t/pip.zip/pip/_internal/req/req_install.py", line 37, in
File "/var/folders/z_/kzmnhw1x16d969_fjx6lkpfc0000gp/T/tmpzu3osz5t/pip.zip/pip/_internal/operations/install/wheel.py", line 33, in
File "/var/folders/z_/kzmnhw1x16d969_fjx6lkpfc0000gp/T/tmpzu3osz5t/pip.zip/pip/_vendor/distlib/scripts.py", line 16, in
File "/var/folders/z_/kzmnhw1x16d969_fjx6lkpfc0000gp/T/tmpzu3osz5t/pip.zip/pip/_vendor/distlib/compat.py", line 81, in
File "/opt/homebrew/Cellar/python@3.14/3.14.0_1/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.14/lib/python3.14/xmlrpc/client.py", line 138, in
from xml.parsers import expat
File "/opt/homebrew/Cellar/python@3.14/3.14.0_1/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.14/lib/python3.14/xml/parsers/expat.py", line 4, in
from pyexpat import *
ImportError: dlopen(/opt/homebrew/Cellar/python@3.14/3.14.0_1/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.14/lib/python3.14/lib-dynload/pyexpat.cpython-314-darwin.so, 0x0002): Library not loaded: /opt/homebrew/opt/expat/lib/libexpat.1.dylib
Referenced from: /opt/homebrew/Cellar/python@3.14/3.14.0_1/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.14/lib/python3.14/lib-dynload/pyexpat.cpython-314-darwin.so
Reason: tried: '/opt/homebrew/opt/expat/lib/libexpat.1.dylib' (no such file), '/System/Volumes/Preboot/Cryptexes/OS/opt/homebrew/opt/expat/lib/libexpat.1.dylib' (no such file), '/opt/homebrew/opt/expat/lib/libexpat.1.dylib' (no such file)


Подробнее здесь: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/798 ... h-homebrew