Почему многопроцессорная обработка занимает больше времени, чем один процессор? ⇐ Python

[Anonymous]

Насколько я знаю, если разделить большую задачу на несколько процессов, время, необходимое для ее выполнения, уменьшится, но в моем коде этого не происходит.
from multiprocessing import Process
import time
import random

def calculate_squares(numbers):
for num in numbers:
square = num * num

if __name__ == "__main__":
numbers = [random.randrange(1, 50, 1) for i in range(100000000)]
quarter = len(numbers) // 4
first_part = numbers[:quarter]
second_part = numbers[quarter:2*quarter]
third_part = numbers[2*quarter:3*quarter]
fourth_part = numbers[3*quarter:]

start_time = time.time()

# Creating four processes
p1 = Process(target=calculate_squares, args=(first_part,))
p2 = Process(target=calculate_squares, args=(second_part,))
p3 = Process(target=calculate_squares, args=(third_part,))
p4 = Process(target=calculate_squares, args=(fourth_part,))

# Start all processes
p1.start()
p2.start()
p3.start()
p4.start()

# Wait for all processes to complete
p1.join()
p2.join()
p3.join()
p4.join()

end_time = time.time()
print(f"Execution time with four processes: {(end_time - start_time) * 10**3} ms")

# Single process execution for comparison
start_time = time.time()
calculate_squares(numbers)
end_time = time.time()
print(f"Execution time for single process: {(end_time - start_time) * 10**3} ms")


это код и
вывод для i5 13gen (Windows):
Execution time with four processes: 4975.9681224823 ms
Execution time for single process: 3258.450984954834 ms

вывод для i3 8gen (linux):
Execution time with four processes: 1378.4070014953613 ms
Execution time for single process: 2259.6046924591064 ms

вывод для Mac m1:
Execution time with four processes: 3175.5270957946777 ms
Execution time for single process: 2120.435953140259 ms


Подробнее здесь: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/791 ... -processor